Abstract
Altitude training may improve performance by a number of mechanisms. Acclimatization
may improve both oxygen delivery and extraction. Hypoxic exercise may increase the
training stimulus thus magnifying the effects of endurance training. Conversely, high
altitude decreases V̇O2 max and reduces the workloads at which training occurs. At altitude, base training
is performed at a slower velocity and lower oxygen uptake (lower absolute workload)
compared to sea level, though heart rate is similar and lactate is higher (probably
greater relative workload). Interval workouts are performed at a lower absolute workload
at altitude and are associated with lower peak heart rates and blood lactate concentrations.
Red cell volume is increased during altitude training, as long as iron stores are
normal. We suggest that for performance at altitude, acclimatization and/or hypoxic
exercise is preferable; for performance at sea level, living at altitude (acclimatization)
with sea level training may be the optimal strategy. However neither approach is a
substitute for a carefully designed training program including appropriate rest and
nutrition.
Key words
Altitude training - performance - hypoxia - exercise - acclimatization
